Capitalization: Capitalize the first word of a sentence and proper nouns such as names of people, places, and things.
Punctuation: Use appropriate punctuation marks such as commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation points to convey meaning.
Subject-Verb Agreement: The subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number (singular or plural).
Pronoun Usage: Use pronouns correctly and avoid ambiguity in their reference.
Verb Tenses: Use the correct tense of a verb to indicate when an action is taking place (past, present, or future).
Active vs. Passive Voice: Use active voice to make sentences more direct and engaging.
Adjective and Adverb Usage: Use adjectives to modify nouns and adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
Prepositions: Use prepositions to indicate the relationship between nouns, pronouns, or other words in a sentence.
Conjunctions: Use conjunctions to connect words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence.
Articles: Use articles (a, an, the) to indicate whether a noun is definite or indefinite.
Sentence Structure: Construct sentences using appropriate syntax and structure.
Spelling: Use correct spelling to ensure clarity and avoid confusion.
Example: book, teacher, happiness
Example: he, she, they
Example: run, talk, is
Example: happy, blue, tall
Example: quickly, very, easily
Example: in, on, at
Example: and, but, or
Example: wow, oh no, hooray
Only proper nouns need to be capitalized, such as cities, names, etc.
Titles need to capitalize all words except articles (e.g. of, the, etc.). All major words need to be capitalized.
Capitalize the beginning of every sentence and the word “I”.
A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea; a plural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea.
Most singular nouns form the plural by adding -s.
A singular noun ending in s, x, z, ch, sh makes the plural by adding-es.
A singular noun ending in a consonant and then y makes the plural by dropping the y and adding-ies.
There are some irregular noun plurals. These don't follow specific rules and just need to be memorized.
A singular nouns takes a singular verb while a plural nouns takes a plural verb.
Examples:
Affect vs Effect
Be careful with effect vs affect. Affect is the action while effect is the result.
Examples:
A/An vs The
When we are referring to any member of a group we use a/an. In this case, it is not important which one we are talking about.
If it is a specific member of a group, we need to use the.
Their/There/They're
Their refers to ownership of something.
There refers to a place that isn’t here.
They’re is a contraction for "They are".
Your vs You're
Your indicates possession (it tells that something belongs to you).
You’re is a contraction for “You are”.
An article is a type of determiner that precedes and provides information about a noun. There are two main types of articles in English: definite articles and indefinite articles.
The definite article "the" is used to refer to a specific noun or group of nouns that have already been mentioned or are known to both the speaker and the listener.
Examples:
The indefinite articles "a" and "an" are used to refer to a non-specific or unidentified noun.
Examples:
It is important to note that "a" is used before words that start with a consonant sound, while "an" is used before words that start with a vowel sound.
The word "preposition" can be broken down into two parts: "pre-" and "position."
A preposition is a word that typically shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Prepositions are usually placed before a noun or pronoun and help to provide more detail about time, location, direction, manner, and other related aspects.
Here are some examples of prepositions:
In the above examples, "on," "through," "to," "under," and "beside" are all prepositions that provide additional information about the relationship between the subject and the object in the sentence.
A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence.
Conjunctions are used to show the relationship between different parts of a sentence, including how they are related in terms of time, cause and effect, contrast, and addition.
Here are some examples of sentences with conjunctions:
Some common conjunctions in English include:
Introductory words are words or phrases that come at the beginning of a sentence and provide additional information or set the tone for the sentence. They are also known as introductory phrases or clauses.
Here are some rules to keep in mind when using introductory words:
Example: However, I still have to finish my homework.
Example: Yes I can help you.
Example: At last we arrived.
Here are some examples of common introductory words and phrases:
However: However, the weather was still cold and rainy.
In addition: In addition, we need to consider the cost of the project.
Nevertheless: Nevertheless, I decided to go ahead with the plan.
Furthermore: Furthermore, the company has already begun hiring new staff.
Meanwhile: Meanwhile, the kids were playing in the yard.
Consequently: Consequently, the team lost the game.
Additionally: Additionally, we need to purchase more supplies.
Similarly: Similarly, the two products have many similarities.
On the other hand: On the other hand, some people prefer to live in the city.
In fact: In fact, the experiment yielded surprising results.
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